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Amid these dramatic swings in demand, ports have continued to pursue infrastructure improvement projects.

One month after the International Maritime Organization’s mandate prohibiting the use of heavily polluting bunker fuel in cargo and cruise ships began, oil industry analysts said the diesel fuel market is stable.

BERLIN — A global shipping industry organization is proposing a research and development program to help cut carbon dioxide emissions, funded by about $5 billion from shipping companies over a decade.

The price of low-sulfur diesel is expected to surge in the near future as a mandate that cargo ships dramatically cut sulfur emissions takes effect.

As global warming creates shipping routes that can cut across the northern tip of the planet, a new port is being built on the fringe of the Arctic circle.

A.P. Moller-Maersk A/S is about to conduct the shipping industry’s biggest test yet of biofuel as it seeks to cut emissions and meet its target of becoming carbon-neutral by 2050.

Turkey’s Yilport Holding AS is in advanced talks to buy a container terminal in Long Beach, Calif., a deal that would value the facility at close to $2 billion, people with knowledge of the matter said.

The shipping industry is pressing for a phased start when new rules governing vessel fuel take effect in less than 16 months’ time.